In 2014, the Government of Bangladesh approved the establishment of six new medical colleges in Tangail, Jamalpur, Manikganj, Sirajganj, Patuakhali, and Rangamati to strengthen healthcare services and expand medical education across the country. This initiative aimed to reduce the shortage of qualified doctors, improve healthcare infrastructure in underserved areas, and ensure better treatment facilities for the growing population. Among these institutions, the college established in Jamalpur has played an important role in serving the northern region.

The institution initially started as Jamalpur Medical College. In 2017, it was renamed Sheikh Hasina Medical College, Jamalpur following an administrative decision. Later, in October 2024, the college was officially renamed back to Jamalpur Medical College, restoring its original identity. This change reinforced its historical roots and strengthened its connection with the local community, while continuing its commitment to providing quality medical education and healthcare services.